University of Life Sciences researchers help produce wound dressings and textiles from fish waste

Researchers at the Estonian University of Life Sciences, together with their partners, have developed methods to produce wound dressings and textiles from fish industry by-products. The aim of the project was to turn fish-processing waste, previously considered unusable, into raw material for innovative products, thereby contributing to the circular bioeconomy and reducing waste.

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In the course of the studies, the researchers extracted high-quality gelatin from fish residues, primarily fish skin, and chitin and chitosan from crustacean shells. These raw materials are already used in the food, medical, and agricultural sectors. Within the project, the research team also explored their application in nanofiber production, including the manufacture of wound dressings and skin-like textiles.

The Estonian University of Life Sciences team (Anu Kisand, Kairi Käiro, Maidu Silm, Rihard Reissaar, with advisor Rajeev Bhat) developed methods for the extraction and processing of raw materials. A research group at the University of Tartu’s Institute of Pharmacy, led by Professor Karin Kogermann, evaluated the properties of the obtained materials, produced prototype nanofibrous wound dressings based on fish gelatin, and tested their properties and compliance with medical requirements. The spin-off company EsaDres has begun preparing the products for clinical use. Gelatex Technologies OÜ contributed by refining the fish gelatin extraction process, producing nanofibrous material from gelatin, and creating the first samples of skin-like textiles.

The project leader, hydrobiology researcher Anu Kisand from the Estonian University of Life Sciences, emphasized the great potential of valorizing local biodegradable by-products, including fish waste. Their use supports the functioning of the circular bioeconomy and reduces industrial waste. Tests also confirmed that fish gelatin has a good shelf life under controlled conditions, which broadens product development opportunities.

The project “Efficient use of fish residues for the production of novel raw materials applicable in textiles and wound dressings” was funded under Measure 1.1 “Support for Fisheries Innovation” of the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund 2014–2020 operational program.